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Circle Geometry: Area, Circumference & Great Circles

A circle is the 2D foundation of spherical geometry. Cutting a sphere through its center produces a Great Circle.
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The Circle in Spherical Mathematics

Every cross-section cut through a 3D sphere is a 2D circle. When the cross-section passes through the exact center of the sphere, the resulting circle has the maximum possible diameter and is termed the Great Circle.

Fundamental Circle Formulas

Area = π × r²
Circumference = 2 × π × r
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